Understanding Northern Pikeminnow Behavior and Effective Attractants in Washington State

Introduction

Northern pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), commonly known as squawfish, are native to Washington State and inhabit the Columbia and Snake River systems. These fish consume millions of juvenile salmon and steelhead each year, impacting local ecosystems.

An Overview of Northern Pikeminnow

• Physical Characteristics: Northern pikeminnows are characterized by their elongated bodies, sharp teeth, and a prominent forked tail. They can grow up to 24 inches in length and weigh several pounds.
• Habitat and Distribution: These fish are primarily found in the Columbia and Snake River systems, favoring areas with slow-moving waters and abundant vegetation.
• Diet and Feeding Habits: Northern pikeminnow are opportunistic feeders, consuming a variety of prey, including juvenile salmon, steelhead, and other small fish species.

Fishing for Northern Pikeminnow in Washington State

• Regulations and Rewards: The Northern Pikeminnow Sport-Reward Program incentivizes anglers to catch these fish to protect juvenile salmon populations. In 2024, rewards begin at $6 for the first 25 northern pikeminnow caught, increasing to $8 for each fish caught from 26-200, and $10 for every fish caught over 200 cumulatively.
• Effective Fishing Techniques: Anglers have reported success using various baits and lures to attract northern pikeminnow.

Commonly Used Attractants

• Fish Oil: Fish oil is a popular attractant due to its strong scent, which can lure northern pikeminnow. Its effectiveness is attributed to the natural oils found in the fish’s diet.
• Garlic Oil: The pungent aroma of garlic oil attracts northern pikeminnow. Its strong scent can mask other odors and entice fish to bite.
• Anise Oil: Anise oil, with its sweet, licorice-like scent, can intrigue northern pikeminnow and encourage them to bite. Its unique aroma sets it apart from other attractants.
• Worms: Commonly used as bait, worms are effective due to their natural scent and movement. Their wriggling action in the water can attract fish.
• Chicken Liver: Fresh chicken liver is popular among anglers. Its texture and strong scent can draw northern pikeminnow.
• Salmon Eggs: Salmon eggs are also used as bait, with their scent appealing to northern pikeminnow. Their bright color and scent can attract fish.

Unconventional Attractants

While some anglers have experimented with unconventional attractants like WD-40, this practice is discouraged due to environmental concerns. WD-40 contains petroleum distillates, which can be harmful to aquatic ecosystems. More information

Fishing Techniques and Tips

• Lure Selection: Any lure fished near the bottom is a good choice for catching northern pikeminnow. Lipless crankbaits containing rattles or diving crankbaits with big lips are popular options. Northern pikeminnow is color-specific; try lures with blue, green, or black backs to find what works best.
• Baiting Strategies: Combining natural baits like worms or chicken liver with attractant scents can increase the chances of a successful catch.
• Optimal Fishing Locations: Focus on areas with slow-moving waters and abundant vegetation, as these are preferred habitats for northern pikeminnow.

Environmental Considerations

While using attractants can enhance fishing success, it’s crucial to consider the environmental impact. Avoid using substances that can harm aquatic ecosystems, such as petroleum-based products.

Conclusion

Understanding the behavior and preferences of northern pikeminnow is essential for effective fishing in Washington State. By utilizing appropriate attractants and following sustainable fishing practices, anglers can contribute to the health of local ecosystems while enjoying the sport.

FAQs

1. What is the best time to fish for northern pikeminnow in Washington State? Northern pikeminnow are most active during the early morning and late evening hours.
2. Are there any size restrictions for northern pikeminnow in Washington State? Yes, the Northern Pikeminnow Sport-Reward Program targets fish that are 9 inches or larger in total length.
3. Can I use artificial lures to catch northern pikeminnow? Yes, artificial lures such as lipless crankbaits and diving crankbaits are effective for this purpose.
4. Is it legal to use fish oil as an attractant in Washington State? Yes, fish oil is a commonly used and legal attractant for fishing northern pikeminnow.
5. How can I participate in the Northern Pikeminnow Sport-Reward Program? You can register at designated stations along the Columbia and Snake Rivers and follow the program’s guidelines.